Pattern Recognition in Diagnosis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 659 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category Nursing Essay Type Assignment Level High school Did you like this example? The diagnostic process is an intricate process that commences with a patients ailment history that later on culminates into something that can be classified. It is imperative for a clinician to carefully assess the prognosis and offer effective treatment to the patient. The patients symptoms will be presented by their own experiences, and their accuracy in spelling out their symptoms will help determine the nature of their prognosis. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pattern Recognition in Diagnosis" essay for you Create order According to Sackett, there are four main strategies that can be used in the diagnostic procedure. They include pattern recognition, hypothetico-deductive strategy, algorithm strategy and the complete history. (Sackett, 1991). Pattern recognition refers to the instant identification of illness from the patients explanation, while the hypothetical strategy requires the clinician to conduct a test and deduct an inference from the test. A patients detailed account of their experiences is what will determine the treatment they ought to be offered. A point in case is a patient that recently visited the hospital and complained of the following signs and symptoms, severe headaches, fever, diarrhea, pain in the whole body; especially abdominal pains and a lack of appetite. The patients sign and symptoms revealed that she was suffering from Typhoid. The patient also disclosed that she had consumed contaminated milk the previous week, and had only slight stomach aches. She bought several painkillers, and the pain disappeared only to reappear a week later and raise discomfort to her body. She felt very weak and was not enthusiastic about doing anything. The illness persevered until she finally came to the hospital to seek medication. She was given several drugs that would reduce the pain and bring back her appetite as she was shading a lot of weight from the lack of food. It was only after two days that the patient came bac k to the hospital sweating profusely and not stable to do anything. She was quickly rushed to the examination room where several tests were carried out once again. The patient was suffering from acute Malaria. Acute Malaria is a rare type of Malaria that rarely affects people, although a small percentage can easily contract it. The Malaria symptoms had incubated itself in her body for 10days since the time she was bitten. The patient was then offered all the anti-malaria drugs that have helped regain her appetite and reduced the pain she felt. This case was a peculiar one because the symptoms described by the patient were similar to the ones of Typhoid. The patient had also stated that she had taken contaminated milk, which was an obvious observation that she suffered from Typhoid. The results showed that diseases have very similar signs and symptoms that can lead to a misdiagnosis. Conducting tests keenly and attentively can result in the right outcome of a disease. The clinician works with what has been presented to them by the patient, and the accumulation of signs and symptoms fostering the development of the illness is the plot of the disease. (Hunter,1991). The medical practitioner works with the patients narrative, which is the plot or the diagnosis. (Hunter,1991). In the study case above, the patient had described themselves in a way that the signs pointed out to Typhoid by indicating that they had drank contaminated milk. This misled the clinician into the path of Typhoid, signing out Malaria, and thus conducting tests on Typhoid only to, later on, discover the illness. The patients history is a necessary tool for diagnosing patients, and it requires vast clinical knowledge and experience. (Macnaughton, 1998). The process of diagnosing starts with the doctor working with the information obtained from the patient, and establishing the pattern of their signs. They then make their deductions that they use in treating the patient. References Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1991; 3â€Å"18. Hunter KM. Doctors Stories. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991; 44â€Å"47. Macnaughton J. Anecdote in clinical practice. In Greenhalgh T, Hurwitz B (eds). Narrative Based Medicine. London: MJ Books, 1998; 202â€Å"211.

A Study on Customer Satisfaction on Bsnl Mobile Services

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of Problem A study has been conducted in order to understand the Customers opinion and Satisfaction level of Mobile Services of BSNL in East Godavari District, researchtitledâ€Å"A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FOR BSNL MOBILE SERVICES IN RAJAHMUNDRY REGION†has been conducted. 1.2 Importance of the Study In todays competitive business world and challenging economy, retaining your customer base is critical to your success. If you dont give your customers some good reasons to stay, your competitors will give them a reason to leave. Customer retention and satisfaction drive profits. Its far less expensive to cultivate your existing customer base and sell more services to them than it†¦show more content†¦* This research was conducted from July 2012- August 2012. * The respondents from Rajahmundry, Kakinada and Pithapuramhave been taken for this study and hence the scope of the study is limited to BSNL customers of Rajahmundry division. 1.5 Research Methodology * DATA SOURCE In this study Primary data and secondary data have been used. Secondary data have been collected from Internet and company. * RESEARCH APPROACH Primary data have been collected through surveys.Data collection has been done through the use of structured questionnaire. * SAMPLING Convenient Sampling method has been adopted for this study. * Researcher has taken respondents from Rajahmundry,Kakinada and Pithapuram for this study. * The researcher has chosen 195 from Rajahmundry, 107 from Kakinada and 68 from Pithapuram. * The researcher had prepared a Questionnaire both open and close ended questions to elicit responses for the following areas: i. Location. ii. Age. iii. Occupation. iv. Monthly Income. v. Mobile Usage. vi. Mobile service Usage. vii. Feedback on the various services provided by BSNL 1.6 Limitations of the Study * Study had been conducted only in a few areas ofShow MoreRelatedMarket Research on Lux Soap4035 Words   |  17 PagesApproved By: ______________ Date:-9TH September 2012 : A PROJECT REPORT ON MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY For MARKETING RESEARCH By GROUP 1 Group 1 :- Abhijit Basak – 236 Paromita Tarafder- 262 Ajay Kumawat – 254 Benu Gulati – 242 Ajay Sing Chauhan– 190 Deepak Kuntwal–248 Abstract In recent years, the adoption of mobile phones has been exceptionally rapid in many parts of the world, and especially inRead MoreRole of Crm in Telecom Sector 5340 Words   |  22 Pagesstrategies used by various telecom service providers.In today’s world of cutthroat competition, it is very essential to not only exist but also to excel in the market. Today’s market is more more complex so, to survive in the market the companies not only have to satisfy its customers but also delight them. The objective of many marketing strategies has been building the customer’s commitment to a brand or a dealer. This lays emphasis on: †¢ Creating customer satisfaction -delivering superior qualityRead Moreâ€Å"Role of Crm in Telecom Sector†5349 Words   |  22 Pagestelecom service providers.In today’s world of cutthroat competition, it is very essential to not only exist but also to excel in the market. Today’s market is more more complex so, to survive in the market the companies not only have to satisfy its customers but also delight them. The objective of many marketing strategies has been building the customer’s commitment to a brand or a dealer. This lays emphasis on: †¢ Creating customer satisfaction -delivering superior quality products and services. †¢ BuildingRead MoreA Comparative Study Between Airtel and Vodafone Users in City of Mumbai. by Prof. Vinay Pandit Lala Lajpat Rai College Mumbai2795 Words   |  12 Pages A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN AIRTEL AND VODAFONE USERS IN CITY OF MUMBAI. The Indian telecommunications Network with 250m telephone connections is the fifth largest in the world and is the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today it is the fastest growing market in the world and represents unique opportunities for UK companies in the stagnant global scenario. Tele-density, which was languishing at 2% in 1999, has shown an impressive jump to 9.5% in 2006 and 10.5% in 2007 and isRead MoreComparative Analysis of Vodafone and Airtel Services in Pune Region5708 Words   |  23 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VODAFONE AND AIRTEL SERVICES IN PUNE REGION BY SHRIKANT HAWA SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY OF PUNE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INDIRA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE SCIENCE PUNE (2005-2008) CERTIFICATE We hereby certify that Mr. Shrikant Hawa is a bonafide student of our institution passing out course of Bachelor of Business Administration from University of Pune for the year 2007-2008 with specialization in Marketing. The projectRead MoreBsnl Change Management Strategy2622 Words   |  11 PagesBSNL competitive portfolio Change Management M Ramesh, marimuthuramesh@rediffmail.com Synopsis: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed on 1st October „2000, is one of the largest leading public sector units providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India. They operate under 13 different brands. Their customer base as on July 31, 2011 was at 95.14 Million. BSNL has an installed Network in the country comprising about 43.74 million line basic telephone capacity, 8.83 million WLLRead MoreBsnl Casestudy6105 Words   |  25 PagesMANAGEMENT OF ORGANISATIONS A CASE STUDY OF BHARAT SANCHAR NIIGAM LIMITED INTRODUCTION Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL), the corporate version of erstwhile DOT, came to existence on 1st October 2000. Ever since the formation of BSNL, the Indian telecommunications scenario has been transforming itself into a multi-player, multi-product market with varied market sizes and segments. Within the basic phone service the value chain has split into Basic services, long distance players, and internationalRead MoreStudy on Customer Satisfaction and Attitude Towards Idea and Vodafone3185 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW We live in an era where telecommunications services hold a central role in every sphere of our lives (Came, 1984). Marketers argue with compact confidences that these emerging technologies have the ability to develop our lives and improve it in many ways (Risto, 2002). Moreover, it has facilitated the instantaneous cost reduction and quality improvement by offering different services by the companies (Douligeris and Pereira, 1984). The deregulation in the INDIAN telecommunicationRead MoreLiterature Review on Acceptance Level of Different Service Providers in University Campus3074 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Mobile  phones, which were introduced around a decade ago  in1995–1996  in  India, are becoming the dominant means of accessing communication. At the end of 2005–2006, there were 90 million  mobile subscribers  in  India  in  comparison to 50 million subscribers for landlines. Indian mobile subscriber base has now reached 617.53 million users, while number of telephone subscribers (wire line wireless) in India has increased to 653.92 million for month of May 2010.the increase  in  mobile  phones hasRead MoreAirtel a Study of Consumer Satisfaction on Airtel4474 Words   |  18 PagesA STUDY ON â€Å"CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON MOBILE POSTPAID CONNECTION† AT BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED (HYDERABAD) A Project Report submitted to VISHWA VISHWANI Institute of Systems Management (AICTE) In partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of POST GRADUATE PROGRAM (DEGREE) IN BUSSINESS MANAGEMENT for the 2006-08 session Submitted By: RAJU SHANKAR Reg. No. - 2014 VISHWA VISHWANI Institute of Systems

Lying and Honesty - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 824 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? Lying Lying is an important social category. We, as humans, tend to react negatively to ‘‘lies and the lying liars who tell them’’ (Franken, 2003). We humans, expend considerable effort and resources developing techniques to detect lies and liars, both as a practical matter when, say, developing technologies to screen for terrorists at airports, and as a moral matter when assigning blame and evaluating character. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lying and Honesty" essay for you Create order These efforts all assume a conception of lying. A defective conception will lead to inappropriate moral evaluation of assertions and confound the effort to systematically detect lies. So there are moral and practical benefits to a complete and accurate conception of lying. And improving our understanding of the concept of lying improves our understanding of important social and moral judgments implicated by lying. What is it to lie? The standard view in social science and philosophy is that a lie is a dishonest assertion. You lie if you say something which you think is false in order to deceive your audience into believing it. Lying does not require your assertion to be objectively false, only that you believe it is false. This has long been the standard view in philosophy. Social scientists adopt the same basic definition. For example, a widely cited textbook on lying says that it is defined solely from the perspective of the deceiver and not from the factuality of the statement. A statement is a lie if the deceiver believes what he or she says is untrue, regardless of whether the statement is in fact true or false.Several studies have shown that lying requires deceptive intent. Both children and adults view deceptive intent as necessary for lying, but no empirical studies have shown that lying does not require objective falsehood. Instead, philosophers and social scientists reject a falsehood requirement by appealing to their intuitions about thought experiments (Mahon, pg2). The one empirical study of the issue found some evidence that falsity is one of several features associated with a prototypical lie (Coleman Kay, pg 12). But falsity was judged to be the least important element of the prototypical lie, most participants attributed lying even when the assertion was true, and the study had several methodological flaws. In particular, the conditions were not minimally matched, so we cannot be confident that a difference in truth-value is responsible for ob served differences in people’s judgments; participants knew the purpose of the study, which raises the possibility of socially desirable responding; and no steps were taken to avoid agreement bias or order effects. The studies reported below avoid all these problems. rest to better understanding the important social category of lying. Honesty All human relations rely on trusting that those in the relations will, as a rule, tell the truth. Honesty seals a relationship with trust, and too many breaches in honesty can corrode any relationship beyond repair. Friendships, family, work, and civic relations all suffer whenever dishonesty comes to light. No one wants to be known as a liar because people shun liars as individuals who can’t be trusted. Honesty’s vital role in human society has been observed and celebrated for all of recorded history. The ancient Greeks considered the goddess Veritas to be the â€Å"mother of virtue†; Confucius considered honesty to be the essential source of love, communication, and fairness between people; and of course the Bible’s Old Testament prohibited bearing false witness. The two most universally heralded US presidents (George Washington, who â€Å"could not tell a lie,† and Abraham Lincoln, who was known as â€Å"Honest Abe†) were acclaimed for the ir trustworthiness. In this same vein, religious leader Gordon Hinckley has written that â€Å"where there is honesty, other virtues will follow† indicating, as did the ancient Greeks, the pivotal role of truthfulness in all moral behavior and development. Hinckley’s comment, which was made in his alarm-sounding book on â€Å"neglected virtues,† points to the problematic status of honesty in our society today. Truthfulness may be essential for good human relationships and personal integrity, yet it is often abandoned in pursuit of other of life’s priorities. Indeed, there may be a perception in many key areas of contemporary lifelaw, business, politics, among others, that expecting honesty on a regular basis is a naive and foolish attitude, a â€Å"loser’s† way of operating. Such a perception is practically a mandate for personal dishonesty and a concession to interpersonal distrust. When we no longer assume that those who communicate with u s are at least trying to tell the truth, we give up on them as trustworthy persons and deal with them only in an instrumental manner. The bounds of mutual moral obligation dissolve, and the laws of the jungle reemerge. Conclusion In short, lying is a disease that has been around since the beginning of time. If I continue to lie I will be harming my own future. Honesty is one of the things that must be upheld at all times, no matter the circumstances.

Homosexual Individuals and Gender Norms - 998 Words

â€Å"Beni, I have something to tell you,† my friend Marie said to me one year ago. â€Å"I am a lesbian.† At that moment all my views and beliefs about homosexual individuals were shattered. Marie has been in my life for about 13 years now, and is a very good friend of mine from the church. Growing up, she has been a tomboy that expressed herself in ways that deviated from the female gender norms, or ciswoman (Wood, 2013, p. 26). â€Å"Sex is a designation based on biology,† therefore, Marie’s sex is female (Wood, 2013, p. 19). Gender, on the other hand, is â€Å"socially constructed and expressed† (Wood, 2013, p. 19). Marie’s personal view of her own sex is female, also know as her gender identity, but the way she displays her gender through clothing†¦show more content†¦It is only normal for Males to like females. It is only normal for females to like males. Anyone who strays away from this heternormativity is abnormal (Wood, 201 3, p. 54). Homosexual individuals are just lost human beings who have experienced some kind of mishap during childhood. This is what I believed (or what I was supposed to believe) until, as I mentioned before, Marie shattered these beliefs. Marie also grew up in a Lebanese, Catholic church community with parents not much different than mine. Even though she is a bit of a tomboy, she has to share the same beliefs as me, but she doesn’t. Marie is a lesbian. Now, how can I view someone that I love like a sister as abnormal? Her disclosure of her homosexuality has opened my eyes to look beyond the clear-cut gender roles of male and female, and to accept other forms of sexuality. This experience with Marie reflects the queer performative theory. â€Å"Queer theory is a critique of conventional categories of identity and cultural views of ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal,’ particularly in relation to sexuality. [It also] argues that identities are not fixed, but so mewhat fluid† (Wood, 2013, p. 54). â€Å"Performance theory argues that humans generate identities, including gender, through performance or expression† (Wood, 2013, p. 55). By identifying herself as female but choosing to express and perform herself inShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal And The Normalization Of Homosexuality1422 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding is that individuals are usually aware of their sexual orientation between middle childhood and early adolescence (2008). They are ware of the emotional, romantic, and physical attraction they can recognize their sexual orientation without participating in sexual activity. Alfred Kinsey was the first to conceptualize sexuality as more than just heterosexuality and homosexuality. There is no scientific reasons as to why an individual identifies as heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientationRead MoreEssay on Dictating the Sexes- Removal of Gender Roles884 Words   |  4 Pagestrucks. In todays day and age, sex and gender now seem to rarely match up now with more teenagers seeing themselves as being homosexuals and being in a generation that allows people to be more open than in previous ones. There is also more acceptance towards transgendered individuals for the coming years. I propose that we eliminate gender stereotypes, and help homosexuals, transgendered individuals, and even heterosexual children, so that others can see why gender stereotypes are wrong. Many argumentsRead MoreSexual orientation is the preferred term used when referring to an individuals physical and or1100 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation is the preferred term used when referring to an individuals physical and or emotional attraction to the same and or opposite sex. Heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual and pansexual are all sexual orientations. An individuals gender identity and expression is distinct from their sexual orientation. Throughout life as the individual explores the world around them, they are shaped by the unique experiences and influences that are imparted upon them. All people experience life subjectively thereforeRead MoreAnalysis Of Allen Ginsberg s Howl And 1661 Words   |  7 Pagessociety’s limits. The idea of beat literature has a capricious form, although, also considers the customary narration techniques, and indeed masculinist and heterosexist prospects. The Beat generation indicates an individual that has been put down, or has been oppressed around with deviated norms. Therefore, this impression of queerness is a representation of him being an activist in society and used to take action to encourage his differences, which contributes to strange and prohibited behaviours. InRead MoreAfter quantifying the love and the degree of passion a couple may exhibit, Anne Peplau, research700 Words   |  3 PagesAfter quantifying the love and the degree of passion a couple may exhibit, Anne Peplau, research professor of psychology at UCLA, concluded that the survival and longevity of homosexual relationships parallels, perhaps even surpasses, that of heterosexual associations (Garnets and Kimmel 450). Moreover, homosexual male individuals exhibit greater arousal, characterized as â€Å"homoeroticism,† by male sexual stimuli than heterosexual males by female coital stimuli. In 1869, Hungarian physician Karoly MarieRead MoreOvercoming Homophobia And Physical Education Classes Should Be Addressed By Creating A More I nformative Education Curriculum863 Words   |  4 Pagesin physical education classes should be addressed by creating a more informative education curriculum, awareness of successful homosexual athletes and teaching students the importance of individual rights. Thus, the awareness homophobic issues in physical education will be eliminated. †¢ The gendered sexuality of physical education includes challenges for young homosexuals. The curriculum should place more awareness about sexual gendered bullying in school and more focus should be given to understandingRead MoreGeek Masculinity And Its Effects On Society836 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom one’s real identity such as gender or race. Girls are considered marginalized and consuming fans of media, which is also a case for â€Å"structured secondariness†. However, subcultures such as Riot Grrrls challenged this by using their participation in subcultures as an opportunity for them to subvert gender norms and defying the standards of beauty and feminine ideals. Moreover, Riot Grrrls embraced feminist ideals wherein they challenge patriarchy and gender oppression. They combined â€Å"girlishRead MoreHow Is Gender Constructed And How Useful Is The Term Performance For Understanding This Process? Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesHow is gender constructed and how useful is the term ‘performance’ for understanding this process? Illustrate your answer drawing on ethnographic examples from at least two societies. When discussing gender, we are faced with two opposing ideas: biology versus social construct, or ‘nature versus nurture.’ From a social constructivist viewpoint, gender is not an inherent truth but constructed through society’s expectations and norms. Those who believe in the biological repudiate these claims, firmlyRead MoreThe Social Discrimination Of Women977 Words   |  4 PagesThe social discrimination that individuals face today was built on a foundation that men had created long ago. We are indeed very oblivious to the patriarchy and prejudice we are surrounded by because we are accustomed to what our parents and guardians believed in while growing up. Their ideologies are embedded into our brains thus leading us to unknowingly spread false information and make assumptions based off of those thoughts. A few examples would be the worldwide belief that men shouldn’t cryRead MoreThe Perspective On Income And Privilege Essay985 Words   |  4 Pages( as cited in Parker-Pope 2013). This unfair treatment affects the individual, the institution as well as the community. The unfair treatment discourages others in the community to seek assistance in moments of difficulty and creates other health risks. Also, the institution offers unfair treatment to its patients and the individual feels alone during moments of despair. According to the text book the functionalist state that â€Å"gender inequality is a functional necessity† (Leon- Guerrero 2016). The

Science Fiction and Empire on Environmentalism Free Essays

One of the main aspects of science fiction that sets it apart of almost all other genres is its ability to influence the direction of humankind. By stimulating a reader’s thoughts of the possibility of different futures, not only does science fiction serve as a popular source of entertainment, but it also encourages one to analyze the possible prospective effects of the generation’s powerholders’ and their decisions. As a science fiction writer himself, Isaac Asimov once said, â€Å"Intelligent science fiction writers attempt to look at world trends in science and technology for plot inspiration and, in doing so, they sometimes get a glimpse of things that later turn out to be near the truth† (Asimov, page 79). We will write a custom essay sample on Science Fiction and Empire on Environmentalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the use of empires as the powerhouses of society, SF books like War of the Worlds and Foundation dig deep into the question of what would happen if societies continued to allow the progression of destructive and commercial technologies. Frank Herbert’s, Dune, also questions the future of the universe while shining a spotlight on the clash between humanity and the environment. By providing a glimpse of the future as a product of current technological change, science fiction helps an audience examine which way they want to shape the progression of human kind, and therefore provides a unique service to the world. Since the beginning of time, the purpose of technology has been to enable one to do something that otherwise would be impossible. Technology is an incredibly powerful tool, but with great power comes great responsibility. Serving as a symbol of power, positive technological development will generally distinguish a good empire from an evil one, in both the real world and the world of science fiction. In the novel The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells, a Martian invasion leaves a previously invincible British Empire in ruins. The aliens violently expressive a total disregard for human life and the environment of earth. Weapons, called Heat-Rays are used against the humans and completely destroy everything in their way. These laser guns were a good prediction of future military technologies, resembling those of mass destruction known today. The book’s use of mass destruction of both the human race and the environment draws attention to our own planet’s possible future if nuclear weapons were ever to be placed in the hands of enemies with merciless hostility. Perhaps one of the most famous SF writers of all time, Isaac Asimov has also expressed his distaste for destructive technologies. â€Å"The Earth faces environmental problems right now that threaten the imminent destruction of civilization and the end of the planet as a livable world. Humanity cannot afford to waste its financial and emotional resources on endless, meaningless quarrels between each group and all others. There must be a sense of globalism in which the world unites to solve the real problems that face all groups alike† (Asimov, page 5). However, his book, Foundation, serves as an interesting contrast to the imperialistic warfare from The War of the Worlds. Focusing on a trend that the ideal progression of civilization may one day reach, this book introduces a pacifistic society in which violence is considered the last refuge of the incompetent. However, the environments depicted in Foundation are inconsistent with Herbert’s conception that a peaceful universe will also be rich in ecology. Given that violence was spoken as a thing of the past, and taking into consideration the environment of planets like Trantor consisted of civilization under a steel dome, this may further imply that violence and mass destruction have already taken their toll on universe of that time. This may suggest that total destruction of nature, by evil technologies, was what finally convinced humanity to become a pacifistic universe. Asimov’s use of ecology as a sacrifice made in order for peace among mankind questions if future pacifism will be possible before the misuse of technology annihilates Mother Nature forever. Conserving the environment seems to be a popular theme in SF, especially after the publication of Dune in 1965. This book depicts a future universe where even though a nuclear holocaust of the human race is not an issue, other powerhouses’ affairs continue to dominate in priority over the environment of planets. Dune encompasses an interesting parallel that would almost exactly predict current issues. Global wide controversy that major industrial accidents have significantly negative impacts on global environmental degradation is one of the main concerns among environmentalists today. These risks include human induced climate change, ozone depletion, and the loss of biodiversity, and if remain ignored will lead to the inhabitability of earth. Dune’s harsh desert environment may not have been a result of human interference with nature, but the failure to proliferate a lush green ecosystem, because of an empire’s concern of profit off the spice trade, does express concerns of global industrialization. This planet, originally known as Arrakis, is described as the empire’s wasteland, while at the same time being the most valuable planet in the universe. This inverse relationship between commercial gain and ecological richness advocates a need for major change in the distribution of power in a globally economy, especially aiming to put a halt to exploitation of earth’s natural resources by industrial power-head’s. Dune ultimately criticizes commercial empires for valuing profit over concerns for ecology, and above all pressures for change that will benefit the common good of humanity. What distinguishes us human beings from all the less advanced forms of life on earth is that, having at last become conscious of the challenge of survival, we have consciously undertaken to shape our own future. This requires us to look ahead, even beyond the span of any single generation† (4). This quote, published by the Council of Foreign Relations in a journal for Foreign Affairs, surprisingly has no intentional relationship to SF. It does, however, coincidentally represent not only the current impact of science on progression of humanity, but also embodies the underlying theme of Foundation. Foundation is focused around a character named Hary Seldon, who uses the science of Psychohistory to predict the future of mankind. While conducting his research, Seldon discovers that the Galactic Empire, which is currently in power, will soon fall, and a new empire will not arise for thirty thousand years. Knowing that the time between empires will be nothing but barbarism, Seldon initiates a plan to create a compendium of all human knowledge, called the Encyclopedia Galactica, that will ultimately decrease the time of the dark age to one third of its original prediction. Seldon’s goal to improve the quality of life for the people of the collapsing empire, through knowledge, is significantly similar to environmentalists’ research efforts to prevent the demise of earth’s ecosystems. Considering that crisis aversion through science has very much come to life, it can be concluded that SF can, to some extent, predict the future. A nuclear physicist, by the name of Dr. Ron Nielson, coincidently posses many of the characteristics of Seldon in Foundation, almost as if Hary had come to life. In 2005, Dr. Nielson published a book called The Green Handbook: Seven Trends Shaping the Future of Our Planet, which he described as an essential reference for anyone who cares about the future of the planet. It surveys not only the deterioration of our physical environment but also economic, social, and political trends that give an understanding as to how these critical issues can be addressed. There are many similarities between Dr. Nielson and Ha ry Seldon, but the most meaningful quality would be that both scientists advocate change in humanity for a cause that they will not be alive to redeem the benefits of. Unlike industry officials, who are only interested in immediate commercial gain, these two men embody the characteristics of a true SF hero; one who protects of the progression of the future of humanity. The hero of Dune, Paul, is a character of interesting complexity that also strives to change trends in the ecology of his planet, much like Dr. Neilson. Paul is different from his family and social class in the sense that he feels a great connection to the environment, similar to those of the native people of Arrakis, called Fremen. The Fremen dream of a surreal utopia in which the harsh desert environment is metamorphosized into a lush self-sustainable ecosystem, in which the scarcity of water is no longer an issue. With the help of the Fremen and an ecologist named Kynes, Paul is victorious against his greedy rival, the Baron Harkonnen. Paul exhibited characteristics exactly opposite of the Baron’s ruthlessness. When a sandstorm endangered workers in the spice mines and a large shipment of spice, Paul did not hesitate to sacrifice the spice for the lives of his people. The book places a special stress on the absence of a sense of altruism and respect for nature in the antagonist’s character and empire. Herbert’s characterizations, that embody the struggle of good versus evil, are suggestive that drastic policy changes must be met by either a change in morals and values of the people in charge, or a complete overthrow of authorities by advocates who have righteous intentions for the future of mankind. The association of the word ‘utopia’ with the notion of nature makes the theme of environmentalism even more obvious in this novel. The novel is strongly suggestive that environmental problems of today cannot be ignored any longer. Frank Herbert and Dr. Neilson share a common objective of advocating environmentalism through their writing. The difference is that Herbert incorporates it into fictional pieces of literature, while Neilson chooses a more scientific and direct path of expression. Herbert’s use SF literature, to push for a green movement by society, shows how SF can be used as a tool to improve scientific literacy and knowledge of future concerns associated with our current usage of technology. Science fiction ses a blend of entertainment and science to create, what some might, call more effective means of scientifically educating an audience. The impact of science fiction does not just stop at a mere introduction of scientific problems to the public. Plots of science fiction often offer possible plans of action to induce change and progression in a positive direction. In both Dune and Foundation , government or politics was used to bridge the gap between what was happening and what needed to happen. In these novels, as well as in real life, possesion of high political power is almost always a requirement for initiating radical change. In Dune, Paul inherited his father’s position and power. By joining forces with the Fremen, Paul became the leader of a mini-empire in hopes to put an end to the exploitation of the planet’s resources by the evil Harkonnens. It was not until Paul was named the new emperor of the universe, however, that his plans to change the planet into a garden paradise could finally begin. Dr. Neilson chose to end the preface of his book encouraging policy-makers, decision-makers, and journalists to use their influences and lifelong experiences to help steer away from the future taking an undesirable course of events. However, this encouragement does not give a concise solution the problem he lists in The Green Handbook. Applying concepts from the three SF books being analyzed, the process to change the course of the seven trends that Neilson feels are slowly degrading our planet, a high position of power among policy changers must first be obtained. A book by Michael Howes, called Politics and the Environment: risk and the role of government and industry, gives intense incite to what further needs to be done to save our planet. This book focuses on meeting the challenge of undoing environmental risks with more technical innovation and economic reform. It also shines a light on the roadblock that people who deny that there is any serious risk are causing, mainly those who benefit from industry. The struggle between those interested in commercial gain and those who attempt to advocate change to benefit the environment is realistic problem often portrayed in SF. Dune, Foundation, and War of the Worlds all express a common concern for what impacts destructive technologies, like weapons and exploitative industries, may have on the future of mankind. These books also seem to preach that good motives and compassion for humanity are qualities of good empires, while evil ones are still focused on the use of violence and greed. The power placed in the hands of the most influential people of the empire is also a symbol of responsibility of those to always make decisions for the greater good of humanity. Governments of today’s nations could effectively avert future ecological crisis on earth by balancing power scientists and big industry officials. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom† (Asimov, pg 13). By taking a glimpse into the future, politicians that value the earth’s well-being can be the change needed to save the planet, ultimately making them heroes like Paul and Seldon. In this case, science fiction may also be useful tool in impacting the public to push for changes from politicians. The ability of the genre of SF to really impact the futu re of technology makes it the most relevant type of literature in current time. How to cite Science Fiction and Empire on Environmentalism, Papers

Grand Challenges and Inductive Methods - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Grand Challenges and Inductive Methods. Answer: Introduction: In recent time, the number of birth per woman in Singapore has declined from 5.8 to 1.2. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has been decreasing since 1988 and the last year was the lowest point. The topic of this study has been selected as the explanatory factors behind the declining TFR in order to formulate policies and programmes to raise Singapore's TFR. It has been noticed that Singapore has been experiencing a lower rate of growth in population mainly the reason behind this low birth rate. The causes of lower birth rate are various: In recent economic condition, the people are marrying in later life and they are having a child in the later stage of their lives. The reasons behind this probably the women are now focusing more on career and they are now receiving degrees. Women cannot have babies in the later age of their lives as the biological issues. Moreover, in Singapore, people love to stay single and there are fewer families. Hence, the birth rate has been falling, as a result of this, young people in the Singapore population decreases. Women are no willing to settle down early in life and they prefer more income and educational status. In recent time, the habit of smaller families has been the preferences for the young couple and the reason behind this is the increasing number of working women in Singapore. As stated by Cheung (2010), women find it difficult to maintain the work-life balance, hence they choose fewer children. Age Group (women in Singapore) Year 2000 Year 2010 25-29 46% 62% 30-34 22% 31% 35-39 16% 20% Table 1: Singlehood Indicators of Women (Source: Straughan, 2013) Moreover, the cost of living is increasing in Singapore; therefore, the responsibility to raise a child is getting optional for a married couple. Housing price and land value are increasing in Singapore that makes costly to have family and children for a couple. The Recent lifestyle of the working women who do not follow healthy lifestyle and tend to smoke and alcoholic in early life faces issue in the rear and giving birth to children. In nowadays, birth control is easy for a woman and economic affluence is needed. Such values and trends have led to some couple to have no children at all. Consequences of low fertility rate in Singapore It has been observed that dual-income in the family is increasing and pricey city-state with lack of time for the family lead to the lower fertility rate for the women. The Singapore government provides four months of maternity leaves and the government provides the second week of paternity leave as well. Not only in Singapore but also other parts of Asian countries also face this, Japan and South Korea are major examples of this. Medical care and retirement incomes are largely financed by the taxes of young people in rich countries like Singapore. Low rates of birth can lead to fewer women and men of young working ages, therefore a small tax base will be formed to finance social security (Straughan, 2013). Moreover, lower fertility rate can decrease the rate of scientific experiments and innovations as the innovation comes up from the brain of young people. The young population are more adaptable and in starting a new business, it requires a more young generation. In the workplace, the number of young generation will be shrinking and this may result that each of the young population needs to pay more taxes in order to increase fund in projects (Jones, 2007). Singapore Government is trying to encourage the people to get married and have children. In Singapore, the Government is paying $18,000 for the couple who are having five or more children (Nargund, 2009). Government is trying to provide an extra rebate in taxes for those women who have children in their young ages. Government is planning to set up new child care centres in order to look after newborn babies while the parents will be at work. Singapore Urban Redevelopment authority put a limit on selling the single-bedroom flat in order to put a curb on singlehood. Moreover, the women need to make a healthy lifestyle and raising awareness in family and community can help to manage the situation. An open and regular discussion on community and in media is needed to manage the alarming situation. Government funding is necessary and womens perception in this scenario is vital. Research objectives To identify the reasons behind low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore To explore the consequences of low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore To recognise the generalise factors to manage a low rate of population growth in Singapore To formulate policies and programmes to raise Singapore's Total Fertility Rate What are the explanatory factors behind low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore? What are the consequences of low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore? What are the factors to manage a low rate of population growth in Singapore? What would be the policies and programmes in order to raise Singapores low Total Fertility Rate? Qualitative Research Design Qualitative research design is based on mainly social constructivism perspective. In qualitative research, the research questions are based on research problems (Clemence, Doise Lorenzi-Cioldi, 2014). The benefits of the qualitative research design are that it can be done with small sample size. The data collection procedure can be done through observational and through the interview. Interpretation of the data can be done through a combination of the perspective of the researcher and collected data. In this research, I would be doing the research through qualitative research design and the main focus of qualitative research would be an inference based on respondents' perspectives. I would spend times of preparing research questions and these would be designed to collect participants' perspectives of opinions, data and experiences. I would do field research in order to collect the data for qualitative research. The field research site can be defined as a socially defined sphere that has fluid physical boundaries. In order to select a research site, some of the important factors are unfamiliarity, suitability and complexity (Eisenhardt, Graebner Sonenshein, 2014). The research site can encompass various social activities and relations that can stimulate data. Moreover, in this research, I will choose an unfamiliar site that would allow me to discern cultural events along with societal relations. I will also consider some factors like physical access and personal characteristics in this site. I will choose a fertility centre in Singapore, Scotts Road, Virtus Fertility Centre. In this fertility centre, I would like to research about reasons behind low Total Fertility Rate. In a fertility centre, I may have some new perspectives of the low birth rate in Singapore from doctors and from some visitors. In addition, I have a deal with a gatekeeper who has the official role to control the access of field research site. I would take a consent letter from the managerial body of this fertility clinic and negotiate the gatekeeper in order to conduct the qualitative research. Moreover, my role in the research would be two types, role of a field researcher and a social within the site. In the research site, I would like to adjust and adapt that would help me to monitor and behaviour and attitudes of the informants. In order to conduct the research, I would like to make some close relationships with some informants who can inform me on the field site. I will be interviewing some contrasting types of informants in order to collect the data. I will be interviewing 4 physicians in this clinic about the reasons and consequences of low Total Fertility Rate. Physicians have immense knowledge about fertility and the recent trend of women in having children. Physicians can provide various viewpoints and interesting yet conflicting knowledge. In this research, I will choose physicians as informants who are totally familiar with the ideas of Total Fertility Rate and the chosen physicians will not be a novice, however, they will have intimate experiences in the research site characterises. Data collection process and strategies I would choose to this research, phenomenological qualitative research design as this particular research refers to an experience towards an understanding of the research. The phenomenological study is the combination of research method, documents understanding and interviewing with visiting the sites (Flick, 2015). The participants are examined in this research and phenomenological study needs to develop in conducting a lot of interviews. In order to collect the data for this study, I will conduct in-depth interviews to four physicians. I will prepare 8 open-ended questions about reasons of low Total Fertility Rate and its impact on the nation and population. The questions will be mainly structural and the questions will cover activities, issues, relations of fertility rate. These interviews will be face-to-face and I would show interest in responses of the informants and encourage them to elaborate their responses. I would like to inform them about the interviews and ask them to ta ke out sometimes. The interviews will be a conversation and the informants will provide their description. The in-depth interview will be happening one-to-one basis and members can share their feelings, experiences and insights. Data analysis technique in qualitative research will be thematic analysis as I will try to break the data as codes based on inferential and descriptive. Coding and concept formation are the method through which the researcher systematically conceptualises the data into categories that are based on the abstract derived from the data (Mackey Gass, 2015). I will segregate the data findings from both literatures and from the interviews and scatter them as codes. This themes or codes can be developed from new concepts and examine the relationship among the codes. I will mainly use open coding in the preliminary categories in order to recognise data pattern. I will pen down some of the basic coding words from the interviews and open coding may extend to the analytic notes. Quantitative method emphasises mostly on objective measurements and numerical analysis can be done in quantitative research design. Quantitative research mainly focuses on collecting numerical data. Moreover, I would mainly follow the descriptive type study as descriptive study mainly aims at observations. Moreover, as stated by Neuman Robson (2014), the descriptive study can establish relations between variables. In this quantitative analysis, I will collect the numerical data from the respondents conducting the valid survey. In order to conduct the survey, I will prepare 15 close-ended multiple choice type questions. Therefore, the instrument of quantitative research design is a questionnaire. This questionnaire will contain two types of questions, first, one will be based on a demographic understanding of the respondents and the second one will be based on the subjective questions of low birth rating in Singapore. This questionnaire will be emailed to the respondents. The respond ents need to respond to all 15 questions. The respondents will be given 15 days in order to provide their responses. Quantitative research usually collects data from the large sample and these people are the representative of the population. Moreover, the same questionnaire will be provided to all respondents; however, the chance of repeatability is high. In collecting the data, I will collect the data from the Singapore women who are aged between 22 and 32. Moreover, the problem in this research study is the low birth rate in Singapore and the young women can give the answer correctly. I have to study the community in order to target the women of this age. In Singapore, more than 71% women are over 25 years of age and women comprise 59% of the labour force. However, it would not be possible for me to study to a lot of women situated in the Singapore. I will provide a notice on social media community page (Facebook) about my survey. Interested women will provide their feedback on my survey topic. I will ask them about the emails after showing my consent letter of the university. I will email them m y survey questionnaire and ask them to fulfil all the requirements with their names if they want to. It is not possible for me to focus on specific part of Singapore as I may lose some valid points about the low birth rate in Singapore. In this study, the independent variables are TFR and high cost of living and women consent. These independent variables will be linked up with the dependent variables. As stated by Palinkas et al. (2015), quantitative research design is helpful for a study to gather the knowledge on generalising concept and the researcher can use the tools like computer software and a statistical tool to analyse the data. I am going to use SPSS, a statistical analysis in order to analyse the data collected from the survey. The findings of the study will be presented in tables and excel-bar graphs. The findings of the study will be reviewed by using literature review findings. The population of the study is the women between 22 and 32 ages in Singapore. However, the sampling will be larger for this study as almost 75% of women in Singapore are above 25 years of age. In order to simplify the study, the researcher will reach the sample through Facebook community page. It is not possible for me to reach this large number of population and Facebook will help me to reach such population. I will aim to collect the responses at least from 150 women from Singapore. Therefore, the chosen sample will be 150 (N= 150). This sample will help me to collect the data about the reasons and consequences of low birth rate in Singapore. I will be selecting the sample through simple random sampling technique. Simple random sampling helps the researcher to use a subset of the statistical population through which each of the members of the subset has an equal probability of being selected (Silverman, 2016). There are numerous women who belong to the age from 22 to 32; however, I will choose the sampling through simple random sampling. One criterion of the respondent will be that the respondent has to answer all 15 questions. Population Sample Size Criterion Sampling technique Sample Frame Singapore women aged between 22 and 32 150 Must provide all 15 responses Simple random sampling Facebook Community page, Through e-mail Table 2: Sampling in Quantitative Research design (Source: Self-develop) Measurement of variables can be done through the Nominal and Ordinal sale of measurement. The nominal level of measurement is a classification that can describe the nature of data within the values assigned to variables (Panneleselvam, 2014). I will take nominal reliability technique that will help me to differentiate the data between subjects and items. Examples of nominal classification can be a genre, gender, style and biological species. I will also take the ordinal scale that would allow me to take ordinal data with a rank order. I will sort the data by relevance in order, 1st, 2nd and 3rd. Moreover, mean and median values of the data need to take into account in order to allow the measurement of central tendency. As stated by Smith (2015), the nominal level of measurement is discrete categories, whereas, the ordinal scale can be made rank in order. Reliability can be improved through defining and constructing the measure clearly. Moreover, I am going to use two measures that wo uld help me to capture much construct. Multiple measures are more stable than one measure of reliability. I am going to use pilot testing of my study in order to ensure the reliability of the subject and questionnaire. As opined by Taylor, Bogdan DeVault (2015), pilot testing is a small-scale trial. I will send 5 subjective close-ended questions to 15 women who are interested in opening their views. From the pilot testing, I will understand what kind of issues that the women would face in providing their reviews. I will change the frame and wording of the questions if needed. Invalidity of the research, I will use content validity. According to Neuman (2014), content validity refers to measure all aspects of definition that construct's definition. Using multiple measures in reliability can also improve the content validity. Combining multiple measures can help the researcher in capturing the definition of the construct as this is more holistic and constructive. This study will focus on low Total Fertility Rate and this study would highlight the procreation pattern and transform marriage of the women in Singapore. My approach of the study will be sociological as well as structural-environmental approach. I will identify the macro factors of low Total Fertility Rate and its consequences of this. I assume that qualitative research data will bring out the significance of low Total Fertility Rate in Singapore. They can bring out the reasons behind the low birth rate among women. The main reasons can be a different lifestyle, lack of responsibility and easy access to birth control facility. Moreover, the study can bring out the women's perspectives in low birth rate as quantitative analysis will highlight on reasons of women not giving birth to a child. The career-centric women and the independent women are not interested in bearing children. The doctors in the qualitative research design will highlight the consequences of the low birth rate in S ingapore. This study would bring out the influence factors that impact on women, paid work and formal education, determinants of policies and time allocation of women in family matters. This study will bring out the changes in the social environment that have come from capitalist enterprises. Economic driven factors are important as the women try to establish as valued employees rather than giving birth to a child in the house. For a woman, each hour spent away from the work means the potential loss of a woman. In the Singapore context, over parenting and overwork are not issues, however, small geographic expanse can be another issue with dominant ideologies. Singapore government can start pro-nationalist policies in order to entice the individuals to get married and have a child. Limitations of the study can be the time constant as I hardly have time to put in order to carry out such vast topic. Another limitation can be budgetary constant as I do not have enough budget to carry out such topic. In this scenario, I have to manage two types of data collection and I have to analyse both types of data with reliability and validity. Handling a large amount of data will be another issue for me. Moreover, I am going to choose only 150 sample for the quantitative research, this sample is quite small. If I would have enough time, I could have chosen large sampling. That would help me to have an exact result for this topic. Reference List Cheung, P. P. (2010). Micro-consequences of low fertility in Singapore.Asia-Pacific Population Journal,5(4), 35-46. Clemence, A., Doise, W. Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., (2014).The quantitative analysis of social representations. Abingdon: Routledge. Eisenhardt, K.M., Graebner, M.E. Sonenshein, S., (2016). Grand challenges and inductive methods: Rigor without rigour mortis. Academy of Management Journal,59(4), 1113-1123. Flick, U., (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. London: Sage. Jones, G. W. (2007). Delayed marriage and very low fertility in Pacific Asia.Population and Development Review,33(3), 453-478. Knobe, J. and Nichols, S. eds., (2013).Experimental philosophy (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Abingdon: Routledge. Nargund, G. (2009). Declining birth rate in Developed Countries: A radical policy re-think is required.Facts, views vision in ObGyn,1(3), 191-193 Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th Edition. Pearson Education Limited: UK. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., (2014).Basics of social research. Vancouver: Pearson Canada. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. Hoagwood, K., (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), 533-544. Panneerselvam, R., (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Silverman, D. ed., (2016).Qualitative research. London: Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. London: Sage. Straughan, P. T. (2013). Delayed Marriage and Ultra Low Fertility in Singapore-The Confounding Challenges to Social Stability.CSC-IPS The Population Conundrum-Roundtable on Singapores Demographic Challenges,3, 1-20 Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. DeVault, M., (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

Kodak Strategy Analysis free essay sample

During most of the 20th century Kodak held a dominant position in photographic film, and in 1976 had a 90% market share of photographic film sales in the United States. The companys ubiquity was such that its  tagline  Kodak moment entered common lexicon as a personal event that demanded to be recorded for posterity. Evaluation of Kodak’s strategy and current position in digital imaging Kodak could have sold itself in the 1980s or 1990s at a higher valuation that what it now has or it could have moved faster into the digital technology, capturing a greater share of market and, perhaps, the revenue from cell phone cameras.During 1980s and 1990s, Kodak believed that: * the digital revolution was not going to happen (genuine uncertainty) * any strategy shift will allow cannibalization of their current film offerings * current customers don’t demand it (shifts in customer base) and * there will be margin erosion In 1993 Kodak was struggling for survival owin g to lethargic matrix management, huge debt, few new products, shaky morale and cut-throat competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Kodak Strategy Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Efforts were in progress from Fisher to eliminate debt, fast track products, reinvent corporate culture, increase profitability and introduce organizational changes.Kodak was late to the game in their shift to digital and has been playing catch-up. Even though they embraced digital imaging from early 1980s and stopped marketing film cameras in 2004, the company could not compete and retain the market share they dominated for such a long time. After consumers stopped buying the film most of the Kodak’s key resources and capabilities became useless, the global distribution lost its value and people started using PCs instead of photo finishing labs.Kodak’s competitiveness as a vertically integrated company diminished and the business model of making money on film did not fit with digital photography. The supplier network was rendered obsolete, knowledge assets in chemistry and manufacturing became obsolete. No management strategy would have changed that. The digital revenues could not compensate for the loss in film revenue; instead digital camera prices declined rapidly reducing marginal profits. Consumer electronics giants such as Sony, Nikon, and HP developed resource bases that were much better than that of Koda k. The company has strong brand and global presence, was technologically superior with engineers and scientists, invested millions in research, but the threat from Fuji led to downsizing. Kodak entered emerging markets such as china and kept delivering new digital cameras, digital consumer products and services. It recognized the threat and pioneered digital imaging and pushed it even though it rendered film obsolete. Kodak tried to embrace, develop and commercialize digital imaging. The advent of mobile cameras further crippled the recovery for Kodak.Dynamics of competition has changed in the digital world. It is no longer precision mechanics but electronics which is in demand now. Digital printing business had moderate success, but more and more people are printing at home and this success may not last long. Online picture sharing services is facing stiff completion from Google, Flickr and others. Disruptive innovation has destroyed the value of Kodak’s resources, its global position and its capabilities. The very fact that Kodak is still doing business shows that Kodak is a success story.Its competitors during the film era – Agfa, Konica, Polaroid have all disappeared. I believe that Kodak had a success story since it survived the significant innovative disruption that happened in film photography. What made Kodak survive? Kodak then began a strategy shift. Previously Kodak did everything in-house, but CEO Antonio Perez shut down film factories and eliminated 27,000 jobs as it outsourced its manufacturing. Perez invested heavily in digital technologies and new services that capitalized on its technology innovation to boost profit margins.